Diwali comes to celebrate many things, mainly the return of Rama to Ayodhaya. The lighting of candles are to show Rama the way. The festival of lights tends to appear in many cultures. As mentioned, the Jewish Hanukkah is celebrated by lighting candles for eight days, commemorating the miracle of the miracle of the container of oil. Of course, mysticism in both Hinduism and Judaism tends to give the lighting rituals a deeper meaning. And in both cases it's the same: victory of good over evil, light over darkness.
The lights we light in Diwali (or, for some, all through the Kartika month while chanting the Damodarastaka prayer) symbolize our inner light and it's victory over the darkness of ignorance and illusion. The self is eternal and spiritual. Matter is temporary. When the eternal identifies itself with the temporary, that is an illusion. Victory of light over the darkness of ignorance would be to revive our original spiritual identity, realizing I am not this body and accepting God into our hart. According to the Gita, God is already their in our hart. But we have to realize it and revive our relationship with him.
So in this symbolic ritual of lighting the Diwali lamp, we should show the way to Rama or Damudara (Krishna) into our harts and make our harts Ayodhaya or Vrindavan.
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