The lord appears within the material world throughout history in order to deliver all from material existence, as Krishna himself mentions in the Gita: "In every age I myself appear to deliver the pious, destroy the wicked and reestablish the dharma" (Bhagavad-Gita 4.8). In each and every age the lord appears himself for the benefit of all. In many forms he may appear and in many colors. 5000 years ago he appeared in Vrindavan and Krishna was his name. Krishna means "all attractive", but it also means "black". That was the color he appeared in. That time was the end of the age of Dvapra and the beginning of the age of Kali. Now we are in the age of Kali, which began about 5000 years ago and should end in a few tens of thousands of years. This age is described in the Bhagavat-Purana as the aged of quarrel, where virtues quality in men is gradually decreasing, and making spiritual advancement very difficult. The Kali-Santarna Upanishad mentions that this age may be crossed over to enlightenment by uttering the name of the lord. It mentions: "The name of God, the name of God, the name of God alone, in the age of kali there is nothing else, nothing else, nothing else that will redeem you". So it is written in the Upanishad. And also, a mantra is mentioned of sixteen names (the Hare-Krishna Maha-Mantra) upon which meditation shell destroy all impurity. The scriptures also mention how Krishna appears in this age. And that image of Krishna in this age is Shri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu.
As mentioned, the lord appears in different ages in different colors. In the Bhagavad Purana is is mentioned that in the four ages he apperes in red, white, gold and black and that Krishna is the black one. Shri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu appeared in the color of gold. The Bhagvatam, in its 11th canda, specifically mentions the Kali-age incarnation as "Krishna varnam svisakrishnam" - Krishna who is "a-krishna" - not black. It is also say that he shell spread the process of sankirtan-yagya. That is Shri Chaitanya. The reason for the appearance of Shri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu is twofold. The obvious reason is to teach the world sankirtan, uttering God's name for redemption. Indeed the lord moved from village to village and with his devotees spread the lord's name by singing it for all to hear. That is the process of sankirtan. As mentioned, by meditation on the names of the lord one achieves spiritual stability and destroys the many lusts which are enhanced in this age. So that is the obvious reason for the lord's appearance. But there is another.
The other reason for the lord's appearance as Shri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu is to himself taste the mode of his own devotee. And so, the lord appeared as a devotee and showed symptoms of one. The devotees of Lord Krishna try to develop the mood of devotion (bhakti) from the gopi girls of vrindavan. The main of all gopies is Shrimati Radharani who is always by Krisha's side. Krishna appears in black (of dark blue) and she appears in gold. So in her color and mode Mahaprabhu appeared.
Shri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu chanted the names of God showing symptoms of ecstasy such as crying and falling down on the ground. When Krishna was about to appear in this age he told the gopies how he is about to chant the holly names and roll around on the ground. Radharani told him: "I won't allow you're body to roll around on the ground! I shell cover you!" And so Radharani, whose color is gold, covers Krishna in his appearance as Shri Chaitnya Mahaprabhu. The topmost spiritual platform is the complete selfless devotion of Radha and the gopies to Krishna. And this mood is reveled in Shri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu who is the combined incarnation of Krishna and Radharani.
Read more about this:
The Golden Volcano of Divine Love -by Srila Bhakti Raksaka Sridhara Maharaja
